Often referred to as "emerald by day, ruby by night," alexandrite is a captivating gemstone renowned for its exceptional color-changing properties. From its origins in the Ural Mountains to its modern-day rarity, the journey of alexandrite is steeped in history and intrigue. In this blog, we delve into the fascinating world of alexandrite, exploring its characteristics, mining history, regional variations, synthetics, and care guidelines.
The Rarity and Significance:
Originally unearthed in Russia during the 1830s, alexandrite, a unique color-changing variation of chrysoberyl, is now sourced from regions like Sri Lanka, East Africa, and Brazil. Despite its global presence, high-quality alexandrite remains exceedingly scarce and highly prized. Its rarity has elevated it to the status of a coveted gemstone, often surpassing even diamonds in scarcity and value. Consequently, obtaining fine-quality alexandrite is a privilege few can afford, with even lower-grade specimens commanding high prices due to limited availability.
The Enigmatic Color Change:
One of the most remarkable features of alexandrite is its dramatic color change, appearing green in sunlight and red in incandescent light. This unique phenomenon has captured the imagination of gem enthusiasts worldwide, adding to the allure and mystique surrounding this extraordinary gem.
Royal Connections and Prestige:
Alexandrite's association with the Russian Czars significantly bolstered its prestige and allure, particularly during the 19th and early 20th centuries when the Czars epitomized royal opulence. This connection, along with its rarity and beauty, firmly entrenched alexandrite in the public consciousness. Originating from Imperial Russia, alexandrite's controversial history traces back to its discovery in emerald mines near the Tokovaya River in the Ural Mountains. Initially mistaken for emerald, its unique color-changing properties under different lighting were soon realized.
Legend has it that alexandrite was named after Alexander II, as it was discovered on his birthday in 1834. Its red and green hues, coincidentally matching Russia's military colors, led to its adoption as the official gemstone of Imperial Russia's Tsardom. Russian jewelers, enamored by its rarity, crafted exquisite pieces, while George Frederick Kunz of Tiffany & Co. also showcased alexandrite in his creations during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although its popularity waned after the depletion of Russian deposits, the discovery of new sources in Brazil in 1987 revitalized interest in alexandrite, albeit with gems not as vivid as the original Russian specimens.
Formation and Mining Challenges:
The formation of alexandrite requires rare elements like beryllium and chromium, making its occurrence a geological rarity. Moreover, the original source of alexandrite in Russia was nearly exhausted within a few decades of mining. While new sources have emerged since the 1980s, alexandrite remains one of the rarest gemstones globally.
Regional Variations:
Alexandrites from different regions exhibit distinct characteristics. Brazilian alexandrites often possess pale colors, while Sri Lankan stones appear deep olive-green in sunlight. Russian alexandrites exhibit a bluish-green hue, and Zimbabwean gems showcase a fine emerald-green color. Each locale offers a unique glimpse into the kaleidoscopic world of alexandrite.
Synthetics and Simulants:
Lab-created alexandrite has been synthesized since the 1960s, utilizing methods like melt, hydrothermal, or flux techniques. Despite being chemically and physically identical to natural alexandrites, these synthetic stones are distinguishable by gemologists through various growth-induced inclusions. Notably, melt methods can result in curved striae, hydrothermal growth may create bubbles and liquid inclusions, while flux methods can leave platinum or other seed material inclusions. In addition to synthetics, there's a market for simulants, ranging from inexpensive synthetic corundum mimicking alexandrite's color change to natural color-change chrysoberyl stones, although not all are true alexandrites. While both synthetics and simulants offer alternatives to natural alexandrites, they lack the same rarity and therefore command lower prices.
Notable Sizes and Care Guidelines:
While alexandrites can vary in size, the largest faceted stone weighs 65.7 carats and resides at the Smithsonian Institution. With a hardness of 8.5, alexandrite is durable but requires care during faceting. Cleaning alexandrites is straightforward, with warm, soapy water recommended for maintenance.
Conclusion:
Alexandrite stands as a testament to nature's artistry, captivating generations with its mesmerizing color change and storied history. Despite its rarity, this gem continues to inspire awe and fascination among gem enthusiasts worldwide. As we marvel at its beauty, let us also appreciate the craftsmanship and geological forces that have shaped the legacy of alexandrite for centuries to come.
In conclusion, alexandrite remains a gem of unparalleled beauty and intrigue, captivating all who are fortunate enough to encounter its enchanting hues.
